, θ ô 翡 ̸ л翡 ִ ι , ֿ ̷ Ұϰ ִ. ô뺰 ֿ , ̼ , , Եȴ. ƿ л翡 ˷ ι Ȱ ҰϿ ڵ .
: âȫϰб öа ϰ п Ҵ. öл Ʈ Ͽ ߾ӹб Ȱ ̴. 10 öг ǥ ְ, Ʈ а ǽ () ۾ Ͽ. : ѱܱб п ߱ Ͽ, ۱ ũ ͺ , ڸ Ȱ Ͽ, ͽڸƿ DZȹ Ȱϰ ִ. δ 50 : 15, 16, 17 λ ϱ ϴ ̡, ø 10 ̾߱⡻, ĵŸ ̾߱⡻, 18 , ö 迩 , ö 迩 ̰, 濵 ݷ ټ ִ.
1 θ ô ũSocrates ̼ ̴ ̴̶ 繰 ϰ ̴ ̴̴ ùٸ ൿ̴öPlaton ü ̶ ΰ
̴ ̵̴ ̴ƸڷAristoteles 뼺 Ѵأΰ ȭŰ÷Ƽ뽺Plotinos ̾߸ ٿ̴ȣƼ콺Horatius÷С Сε ̺ձLonginus θ ְ2 ñ ƿ췼콺 ƿ챸ƼAurelius Augustinus â丶 Thomas Aquinas 뼺̴ ֿ Ѵ̿ Ұ ִ˸ Alighieri Dante ӿ ư ι ٺġLeonardo da Vinciȸȭ ̴õ ҳȸȭ ̴3 17 ̼ īƮLene Descartes̼ Ѵ. Ƿ Ѵ.ý Francis Bacon ũJohn Locke̴ 信 ҰϴShaftesbury ̿ ϴɹ̳ ̺ David HumeǴܷ Ǵܰ ǥյ ũEdmund Burke ̡ ǥ ٿ ٿ ǥ μ 4 18 ̶ ΰ? ũ Jean Jacques Rousseau̿ ɹ̿м ڿ Denis Diderot ¸ ϹƼŸ Giambattista Vico Ģ Ģ ˷ ٿAlexander Gottlieb Baumgarten а â а â5 19 Ƹ ϿArthur Schopenhauerո ǥμ 帮 ︧ üFriedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche ź ɹλ ݶ üϼŰNikolay Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky õ ̴߰ Ȱ̴Ÿ Gustav Theodor Fechnerа â 6 20 ũüBenedetto Croceǥ ǥ̸ ̴ Ÿ߳George Santayana̴ ȭ 谨̴1930뿡 Ʈ ƮSigmund Freud źм ̷ ȭ幮Ʈ ļEdmund Husserl Ʈ ī÷Ernst Cassirer¡ ƾ ̵Martin Heidegger ̴ 縣ƮJean Paul Sartre縣Ʈ ũǪƮ ȸ 츣Ʈ Herbert Marcuse Ǿ Ⱦ Ƶ Wiesengrund AdornoƵ 丣 ҽFerdinand de Saussure
װ ̶ ϴ. ġ ڿ Ƽ Ѹ Ǹ ϵ ٴѴ. ö ü ߴ. ̴ ̿ ̰ ʰ ̲ л翡 ̶ ο ǥ ߴ.- 1 ̶ ΰ ߿̵Ŵ ΰ ϰ Ǹ ؼ ؾ Ѵ. ߴ. ̵Ŵ ǿ Ѵٰ Ұ ǰ ٺ Ǹ ߴ. ǰ ڸ ϰ ȴ. ڷ ǰ ̸ Ǵµ, ̰ ̴.-6 ̴١ ߿
ũ ҽ ְ ڵ Բ å!!ΰ ķ Ӿ ̡ ߱ ̴. ̿ ô ҿ پ߰, ݵ ̰ ο ã ϰ ִ.̷ źϰ ٷ С̴. η ݱ ̿ ǿ ü ϴ й̴. 츮 ɹ Ȱ , ɸ, Ȱ нϰ Ǿ, ̷ν ö þ߿ ̷ Ҿ 踦 Ǿ. а õ й̳ ΰ ̸ ߱ 縸ŭ ϰ ϱ ʴ. ڴ ̷ Ͽ ڵ п ģϰ ٰ ֵ å ߴ. å , θ ô 翡 ̸ л翡 ִ ι , ֿ ̷ Ұϰ ִ. ô뺰 ֿ , ̼ , , Եȴ. ƿ л翡 ˷ ι Ȱ ҰϿ ڵ .å ڸ ִ л翡 ι ڰ å ϰ ִ ϴ ̴. 200 پ ȭ 츮 ϰ ִ ̴. å 츮 װ ϰ ټ ƴٰ ϰ ߴ п ν ٲٰ ̴. , ι Բ 踦 ɾ .
а õ й̳ ΰ ̸ ߱ 縸ŭ ϰ ϱ ʴ. ڴ ̷ Ͽ ڵ п ģϰ ٰ ֵ å ߴ. å , θ ô 翡 ̸ л翡 ִ ι , ֿ ̷ Ұϰ ִ. ô뺰 ֿ , ̼ , , Եȴ. ƿ л翡 ˷ ι Ȱ ҰϿ ڵ .å ڸ ִ л翡 ι ڰ å ϰ ִ ϴ ̴. 200 پ ȭ 츮 ϰ ִ ̴. å 츮 װ ϰ ټ ƴٰ ϰ ߴ п ν ٲٰ ̴. , ι Բ 踦 ɾ .